Hair analysis in clinical and forensic toxicology
Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology is an essential reference for toxicologists working with, and researching, hair analysis. The text presents a review of the most up-to-date analytical methods in toxicological hair analysis, along with state-of-the-art developments in the areas of ha...
| Other Authors: | Kintz, Pascal,, Salomone, Alberto,, Vincenti, Marco,, ScienceDirect (Online service) |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London :
Academic Press,
[2015]
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| Physical Description: |
1 online resource. |
| Subjects: |
Table of Contents:
- Front Cover; Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology; Copyright Page; Contents; Foreword; List of Contributors; 1 Anatomy and Physiology of Hair, and Principles for its Collection; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Hair Anatomy and Physiology; 1.3 Classification of Hair Types; 1.4 Hair Growth Rates; 1.5 Hair Color; 1.6 Mechanisms of Drug Incorporation; 1.7 Incorporation from the Bloodstream, Sebum and Sweat; 1.8 Incorporation from External Contamination; 1.9 Dose-Response Relationship; 1.10 Melanin Binding; 1.11 Sample Collection Protocols; 1.12 Collection Procedure.
- 1.12.1 Workplace Drug Testing1.12.2 Drug-Facilitated Crime; 1.12.3 Postmortem Investigations; 1.13 Discussion; 1.14 Conclusion; References; 2 Hair Sample Preparation, Extraction, and Screening Procedures for Drugs of Abuse and Pharmaceuticals; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Sample Preparation; 2.2.1 Segmentation; 2.2.2 Washing; 2.2.3 Obtaining a Representative Sample Aliquot; 2.3 Analyte Extraction; 2.3.1 Hydrolysis of the Hair Matrix; 2.3.2 Solvent Incubation; 2.4 Screening Strategies; 2.4.1 Immunoassays; 2.4.2 Chromatographic Procedures; 2.5 Concluding Remarks; References.
- 3 External Contamination: Still a Debate?3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Incorporation from the Bloodstream; 3.1.2 Incorporation from Sweat and Other Secretions; 3.1.3 Incorporation from External Contamination; 3.2 External Contamination: Commonly Encountered Drugs; 3.2.1 Smoke and Passive Inhalation; 3.2.2 Surface/Environmental Contamination: Poor Housekeeping; 3.3 Alcohol: FAEE and EtG; 3.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Alcohol Biomarkers in Hair; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Alcohol Amount, Drinking Pattern, and Minor Metabolites of Ethanol in Hair; 4.3 Ethyl Glucuronide.
- 4.3.1 Formation and Incorporation of EtG in Hair4.3.2 Analytical Determination of EtG in Hair; 4.3.2.1 Sampling, Segmentation, and Storage; 4.3.2.2 External Decontamination; 4.3.2.3 Grinding or Cutting to Small Pieces; 4.3.2.4 Hair Extraction; 4.3.2.5 Clean-up; 4.3.2.6 GC-MS and GC-MS/MS Procedures; 4.3.2.7 LC-MS/MS Procedures; 4.3.2.8 Validation and Quality Assurance; 4.3.3 Alcohol Consumption and EtG Concentrations in Hair; 4.3.3.1 Animal Experiments; 4.3.3.2 Meta-analysis of EtG Concentration in Human Hair; 4.3.3.3 Basic EtG Levels in Hair of Abstainers.
- 4.3.3.4 EtG in Hair after Single Excessive Drinking4.3.3.5 Prospective Studies; 4.3.3.6 EtG in Hair and Retrospectively Self-Reported Drinking Data; 4.3.3.7 Effect of Decreased Kidney Function; 4.3.4 Cutoff Values, Sensitivity, and Specificity; 4.3.5 EtG in Nonhead Hair; 4.3.5.1 General Differences as Compared to Scalp Hair; 4.3.5.2 EtG in Pubic Hair; 4.3.5.3 EtG in Axillary Hair; 4.3.5.4 EtG in Chest, Arm, and Leg Hair; 4.3.6 Effect of Hair Color, Hair Care, and Cosmetic Treatment; 4.3.7 Effect of Other Parameters and Habits on EtG in Hair; 4.4 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters.