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Sri Lanka

[[Ptolemy's world map Sri Lanka,, ; (); ()}} historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian peninsula by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. It shares a maritime border with the Maldives in the southwest and India in the northwest.

Sri Lanka has a population of approximately 22 million and is home to many cultures, languages and ethnicities. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population, followed by the Sri Lankan Tamils, who are the largest minority group and are concentrated in northern Sri Lanka; both groups have played an influential role in the island's history. Other long-established groups include the Moors, Indian Tamils, Burghers, Malays, Chinese, and Vedda.

Sri Lanka's documented history goes back 3,000 years, with evidence of prehistoric human settlements dating back 125,000 years. The earliest known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka, known collectively as the Pāli canon, date to the fourth Buddhist council, which took place in 29 BCE. Also called the ''Pearl of the Indian Ocean'', or the ''Granary of the East'', Sri Lanka's geographic location and deep harbours have made it of great strategic importance, from the earliest days of the ancient Silk Road trade route to today's so-called maritime Silk Road. Because its location made it a major trading hub, it was already known to both East Asians and Europeans as long ago as the Anuradhapura period. During a period of great political crisis in the Kingdom of Kotte, the Portuguese arrived in Sri Lanka and sought to control its maritime trade, with a part of Sri Lanka subsequently becoming a Portuguese possession. After the Sinhalese-Portuguese war, the Dutch Empire and the Kingdom of Kandy took control of those areas. The Dutch possessions were then taken by the British, who later extended their control over the whole island, colonising it from 1815 to 1948. A national movement for political independence arose in the early 20th century, and in 1948, Ceylon became a dominion. It was succeeded by the republic of Sri Lanka in 1972. Sri Lanka's more recent history was marred by a 26-year civil war, which began in 1983 and ended in 2009, when the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

Sri Lanka is a developing country, ranking 78th on the Human Development Index. It is the highest-ranked South Asian nation in terms of development and has the second-highest per capita income in South Asia. However, the ongoing economic crisis has resulted in the collapse of its currency, rising inflation, and a humanitarian crisis due to a severe shortage of essentials. It has also led to an eruption of street protests, with citizens successfully demanding that the president and the government step down. The country has had a long history of engagement with modern international groups; it is a founding member of the SAARC, the G77 and the Non-Aligned Movement, as well as a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations. Provided by Wikipedia
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  1. 1

    International Criminal Court, Article 98 agreement between the United States of America and Sri Lanka ; agreement signed at Colombo, November 22, 2002 by Sri Lanka, United States. Department of State

    Published: U.S. Dept. of State, 2011
    Description: 1 online resource (5 unnumbered pages).
    “…Sri Lanka…”
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    Government Document Electronic eBook
  2. 2

    Aviation transport services : agreement between the United States of America and Sri Lanka; signed at Washington, June 11, 2002, with annexes and agreement amending the agreement,... by Sri Lanka, United States. Department of State

    Published: U.S. Dept. of State, 2011
    Description: 1 online resource (26 unnumbered pages).
    “…Sri Lanka…”
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    Government Document Electronic eBook
  3. 3

    Double taxation convention between the United States of America and Kazakhstan, signed at Colombo, March 14, 1985 and protocol amending the convention, signed at Washington, Septem... by Sri Lanka, United States. Department of State

    Published: U.S. Dept. of State, 2012
    Description: 1 online resource (93 unnumbered pages).
    “…Sri Lanka…”
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    Government Document Electronic eBook
  4. 4

    Real-world wireless sensor networks : 4th international workshop, REALWSN 2010, Colombo, Sri Lanka, December 16-17, 2010 : proceedings by REALWSN 2010 Colombo, Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2010
    Description: 1 online resource (xi, 208 pages) : illustrations.
    “…REALWSN 2010 Colombo, Sri Lanka…”
    SpringerLink - Click here for access
    Conference Proceeding eBook
  5. 5

    Artificial intelligence : second international conference, SLAAI-ICAI 2018, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, December 20, 2018, Revised Selected Papers by SLAAI-ICAI (Conference) Moratuwa, Sri Lanka), SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2019
    Description: 1 online resource (xi, 335 pages) : illustrations (some color).
    “…SLAAI-ICAI (Conference) Moratuwa, Sri Lanka)…”
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    Conference Proceeding eBook
  6. 6

    Sri Lanka by United States. Embassy (Sri Lanka), United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs

    Description: volumes ; 28 cm.
    “…United States. Embassy (Sri Lanka)…”
    Government Document Serial
  7. 7

    Sri Lanka by United States. Embassy (Sri Lanka), United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs

    Description: 1 online resource.
    “…United States. Embassy (Sri Lanka)…”
    Final issue only
    Government Document Electronic Serial
  8. 8

    Human centered computing : second International Conference, HCC 2016, Colombo, Sri Lanka, January 7-9, 2016, Revised selected papers by HCC (Conference : Human Centered Computing) Colombo, Sri Lanka), SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2015
    Description: 1 online resource (xix, 913 pages) : illustrations.
    “…HCC (Conference : Human Centered Computing) Colombo, Sri Lanka)…”
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    Conference Proceeding eBook
  9. 9

    ICSBE 2018 : Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment by International Conference in Sustainable Built Environment Kandy, Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2020
    Description: 1 online resource (xii, 635 pages) : illustrations (some color).
    “…International Conference in Sustainable Built Environment Kandy, Sri Lanka…”
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    Conference Proceeding eBook
  10. 10

    Travel and tourism : sustainability, economics, and management issues : proceedings of the Tourism Outlook Conferences by Tourism Outlook Conference Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online service), Tourism Outlook Conference

    Published: Springer, 2020
    Description: 1 online resource (ix, 342 pages) : illustrations (some color)
    “…Tourism Outlook Conference Sri Lanka…”
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    Conference Proceeding eBook
  11. 11

    ICSBE 2022 proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment by International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment Kandy, Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2023
    Description: 1 online resource (867 pages).
    “…International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment Kandy, Sri Lanka…”
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    Electronic Conference Proceeding eBook
  12. 12

    ICSECM 2019 : proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management by International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management Kandy, Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2021
    Description: 1 online resource.
    “…International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management Kandy, Sri Lanka…”
    SpringerLink - Click here for access
    Conference Proceeding eBook
  13. 13

    12th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management : proceedings of the ICSECM 2021 by International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management Kandy, Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2023
    Description: 1 online resource (1 volume) : illustrations (black and white, and color).
    “…International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management Kandy, Sri Lanka…”
    SpringerLink - Click here for access
    Conference Proceeding eBook
  14. 14

    Road and airfield pavement technology : proceedings of 12th International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology, 2021 by International Conference on Road & Airfield Pavement Technology Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online service)

    Published: Springer, 2022
    Description: 1 online resource (897 pages).
    “…International Conference on Road & Airfield Pavement Technology Moratuwa, Sri Lanka…”
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    Conference Proceeding eBook
  15. 15

    Asia Pacific Advanced Network : 56th international conference, APANConf 2023, Colombo, Sri Lanka, August 24-25, 2023, revised selected papers by International Conference on Asia Pacific Advanced Network Colombo, Sri Lanka, SpringerLink (Online Service)

    Published: Springer, 2024
    Description: 1 online resource.
    “…International Conference on Asia Pacific Advanced Network Colombo, Sri Lanka…”
    SpringerLink - Click here for access
    Conference Proceeding eBook
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