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Alaska
|state = Alaska |image_flag = Flag of Alaska.svg |image_seal = Seal of the State of Alaska.svg |mammal = |dog = Alaskan Malamute |bird = Willow ptarmigan |fish = King salmon |flower = Forget-me-not |insect = Four-spot skimmer dragonfly |tree = Sitka Spruce |fossil = Woolly Mammoth |mineral = Gold |gemstone = Jade |sport = Dog mushing |image_route = Alaska 2 shield.svg |image_quarter = 2008 AK Proof.png |quarter_release_date = 2008 }} |zoom=2|type=line|stroke-width=3|text=Interactive map showing border of Alaska (click to zoom)}}Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. It is in the Western United States region. The only other non-contiguous U.S. state is Hawaii. Alaska is also considered to be the northernmost, westernmost, and easternmost (the Aleutian Islands cross the 180th meridian into the eastern hemisphere) state in the United States. It borders the Canadian territory of Yukon and the province of British Columbia to the east. It shares a western maritime border, in the Bering Strait, with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas of the Arctic Ocean lie to the north, and the Pacific Ocean lies to the south. Technically, it is a semi-exclave of the U.S., and it is the largest exclave in the world.
Alaska is the largest U.S. state by area, comprising more total area than the following three largest states of Texas, California, and Montana combined, and is the sixth-largest subnational division in the world. It is the third-least populous and most sparsely populated U.S. state, but is, with a population of 736,081 as of 2020, the continent's most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel, with more than quadruple the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland. The state contains the four largest cities in the United States by area, including the state capital of Juneau. The state's most populous city is Anchorage, and approximately half of Alaska's residents live within its metropolitan area.
Indigenous people have lived in Alaska for thousands of years, and it is widely believed that the region served as the entry point for the initial settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge. The Russian Empire was the first to actively colonize the area beginning in the 18th century, eventually establishing Russian America, which spanned most of the current state and promoted and maintained a native Alaskan Creole population. The expense and logistical difficulty of maintaining this distant possession prompted its sale to the U.S. in 1867 for US$7.2 million (equivalent to $ million in ). The area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a territory on May 11, 1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.
Abundant natural resources have enabled Alaska—with one of the smallest state economies—to have one of the highest per capita incomes, with commercial fishing, and the extraction of natural gas and oil, dominating Alaska's economy. U.S. Armed Forces bases and tourism also contribute to the economy; more than half of the state is federally-owned land containing national forests, national parks, and wildlife refuges. It is among the most irreligious states, one of the first to legalize recreational marijuana, and is known for its libertarian-leaning political culture, generally supporting the Republican Party in national elections. The Indigenous population of Alaska is proportionally the second highest of any U.S. state, at over 15 percent, after only Hawaii. Provided by Wikipedia
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121
Hydrologic conditions in the Klatt Bog Area, Anchorage, Alaska by Glass, R. L.
Published: U.S. Dept. of Interior, Geological Survey ; Open-File Services Section, Western Distribution Branch [distributor], 1986“…Anchorage (Alaska)…”Description: iv, 19 pages : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm.
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122
Flood of October 1986 at Seaward, Alaska by Jones, Stanley H.
Published: U.S. Geological Survey, 1988“…Alaska. Department of Transportation and Public Facilities…”Description: vi, 43 pages : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm.
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123
Simulation of ground-water flow at Anchorage, Alaska, 1955-83 by Patrick, Leslie
Published: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor], 1989“…Anchorage (Alaska)…”Description: v, 41 pages : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm.
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124
Distribution, facies, ages, and proposed tectonic associations of regionally metamorphosed rocks in northern Alaska by Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys
Published: U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, 1989“…Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys…”Description: iii, 44 pages : illustrations, 2 plates in pocket ; 28 cm.
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125
Aeromagnetic map of the Nabesna quadrangle, Alaska by Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys
Published: U.S. Geological Survey, 1975“…Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys…”Description: 2 maps ; 47 x 64 cm on sheets 63 x 68 cm and 65 x 125 cm folded to 27 x 20 cm in envelope 31 x 25 cm.
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126
Commercial-grade mordenite deposits of the Horn Mountains, South-Central Alaska by Hawkins, D. B. (Daniel Ballou), 1934-
Published: Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1976“…Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys…”Description: iii, 11 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm.
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127
Permafrost : Fourth International Conference, proceedings, July 17-22, 1983 by International Conference on Permafrost Fairbanks, Alaska
Published: National Academy Press, 1983“…International Conference on Permafrost Fairbanks, Alaska…”Description: xxv, 1524 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm.
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128
Short notes on Alaskan geology : 1981 by Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys
Published: [Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys], 1982“…Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys…”Description: 62 pages : illustrations, maps ; 28 cm.
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129
Copper River hydraulics study at Million Dollar Bridge, Alaska by Jones, Stanley H.
Published: U.S. Geological Survey, 1980“…Alaska. Department of Transportation and Public Facilities…”Description: iii, 6 pages : 1 illustration (folded in envelope), 2 maps (1 folded in envelope) ; 30 cm.
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130
Geologic map of the Iditarod D-2 and Eastern D-3 quadrangles, Alaska by Bundtzen, Thomas K.
Published: Alaska, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1982“…Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys…”Description: 1 map : color ; 44 x 54 cm, on sheet 75 x 108 cm.
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131
Guide to rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the northeast Pacific Ocean by Orr, James Wilder, 1958-
Published: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center ; [Available through National Technical Information Service], 1998“…Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)…”Description: v, 46 pages : color illustrations ; 28 cm.
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132
Guide to rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the northeast Pacific Ocean 2nd ed. by Orr, James Wilder, 1958-
Published: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center ; [Available through National Technical Information Service], 2000“…Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)…”Description: iii, 47 pages : color illustrations ; 28 cm.
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133
Metamorphic facies map of southeastern Alaska : distribution, facies, and ages of regionally metamorphosed rocks by Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia
Published: U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by U.S. Grological Survey, Information Services, 1996“…Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys…”Description: 42 pages : illustrations, maps ; 30 cm.
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134
Distribution, facies, ages, and proposed tectonic associations of regionally metamorphosed rocks in southwestern Alaska and the Alaska Peninsula by Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia
Published: U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, 1996“…Alaska. Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys…”Description: iii, 30 pages : illustrations, maps (some color) ; 29 cm.
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135
Nitrate source indicators in ground water of the Scimitar Subdivision, Peters Creek area, Anchorage, Alaska by Wang, Bronwen
Published: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor], 2000“…Anchorage (Alaska)…”
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136
Sandy Beach road project environmental assessment by Thorne Bay Ranger District (Alaska)
Published: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region, Tongass National Forest, Thorne Bay Ranger District, 2001“…Thorne Bay Ranger District (Alaska)…”Description: 1 volume (various pagings) : illustrations, maps (some folded and color) ; 28 cm.
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137
Alaska ... annual report by United States. Rural Development. Alaska
Published: USDA Rural Development, Alaska State Office, 2000“…United States. Rural Development. Alaska…”
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138
A comparison of the Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, and Aleutian Islands large marine ecosystems through food web modeling by Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Published: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 2007“…Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)…”Description: vi, 298 pages : digital, PDF file.
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139
Comparison of size selectivity between marine mammals and commercial fisheries with recommendations for restructuring management policies by Etnier, M. A.
Published: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 2005“…Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)…”Description: vi, 274 pages : digital, PDF file.
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140
Assessment of the status of harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Oregon and Washington waters by Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Published: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 1996“…Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)…”Description: 1 online resource (v, 46 pages) : illustrations, maps.
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